NMIOTC Journal Article: Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security in 2030 Possible implications for the Maritime Sector
This research article, authored by Dr. Swantje Westpfahl and Tim Dalhöfer in preparation of the 2021 NMIOTC Maritime Cybersecurity Conference, provides an introduction and an outlook into the use of Artificial Intelligence in the maritime sector and possible implications with regards to cyber security risks. It presents an overview on maritime AI applications which are currently under development or already being deployed and Intelligent Decision Support Systems (IDSS). We show how these developments can influence security in the maritime domain. Further, we elaborate on risks associated with the use of AI both for the general use in maritime applications as well as for IDSS. In this articl, we specifically pinpoint risks which arise from cyber threats but also from human interaction with these systems, i.e. the matter of trust. We show that in order to account for security in the maritime use of new technology, technical as well as ethical considerations have to be taken into account in understanding how cyber threats on maritime AI applications can affect maritime security. In the end, we propose some recommendations for the development and deployment of AI and IDSS applications in the maritime sector with regards to cyber security as well as the human factor.